引語四點變化
I.時態(tài)變化
直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,若主句為過去時態(tài),變?yōu)殚g接引語的賓語從句的時態(tài)如下表: 直接引語 | 間接引語 |
一般現(xiàn)在時 | |
一般過去時 | |
| 過去將來時 |
| |
| 過去完成時 |
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如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時的形式(例:ought to, had better, used to,must, need)和已經(jīng)是過去時的形式時,(例:could, should, would, might)不再變。
直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,有些時間狀語,地點狀語,指示代詞和動詞也要作相應(yīng)的變動。
| 直接引語 | 間接引語 |
時間狀語 | now 現(xiàn)在 | then 那時;當(dāng)時 |
時間狀語 | today 今天 | that day 那天 |
時間狀語 | tonight 今晚 | that night 那天晚上 |
時間狀語 | this week 本周 | that week 上周 |
時間狀語 | yesterday 昨天 | the day before前一天 |
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注:直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語時的變化應(yīng)視實際情況而定。假如就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述,today,yesterday,tomorrow等就不需改變;如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述,here也不必改為there,come也不必改為go。另外,直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,時態(tài)不變。
II.如何變句型
①直接引語如果是陳述句,間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如: She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."
→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引語如果是反意疑問句、選擇疑問句或一般疑問句,間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句. 如:
He said, "Can you swim, John?"
→He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked.
→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?"
→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引語如果是特殊問句,間接引語應(yīng)該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(賓語從句必須用陳 述句語序)。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"
→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引語如果是祈使句,間接引語應(yīng)改為"tell (ask) sb (not) to do sth."句型。
"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children.
→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.
"Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.
→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引語如果是以“Let‘s”開頭的祈使句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時,通常用“suggest +動名詞(或從句)。”如:
He said, "Let’s go to the film."
→He suggested going to the film.
或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
⑥直接引語是感嘆句時,間接引語為what 或how 引導(dǎo),也可以用that 引導(dǎo)。 She said, "What a lovely day it is !"
→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.
⑦如果直接引語中含有since, when, while 引導(dǎo)的表示過去時間的狀語從句,在變?yōu)殚g接引語時,只改變主句中的謂語動詞,從句的一般過去時則不變。如:
He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
III.人稱變化
遵從一主二賓三不變
一主:從句的第一人稱隨主句的主語變化。
eg: “I have bought an expensive car , ” said the boss.→The boss said he had bought an expensive car.
eg: I often tell him , "You are the luckiest boy I have ever seen . " → I often tell him he is the luckiest boy I have ever seen . “
三不變:從句的第三人稱不需要變化。
IV.注意
在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,時態(tài)一般不變化。
①直接引語是客觀真理。
②主句謂語為一般現(xiàn)在時,變間接引語時,若主句謂語時態(tài)不變?nèi)詾橐话悻F(xiàn)在時,從句時態(tài)也不變。
③直接引語是一般現(xiàn)在時,且表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動作,變間接引語,時態(tài)不變。如:
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
④直接引語為諺語警句或名人名言時,時態(tài)不變。
⑤直接引語為客觀事實真理,時態(tài)不變,??嫉挠校?/span>
Light travels faster than sound.光速比聲速快。 The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
The moon goes around the earth.月球繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。